Mister Disagree

Step 1: Using the power switch, turn off the router and then turn it back on.
Step 2: Press Break on the terminal keyboard within 60 seconds of the power-up to put the router into ROMMON.
*Note:
HyperTerminal(Windows 2000) - Ctrl+Break
Terminal(Windows) - Break / Ctrl+Break

Step 3: Type confreg 0x2142 at the rommon 1> prompt to boot from Flash without loading the configuration.
Step 4: Type reset at the rommon 2> reset
*note: The router reboots but ignores its saved configuration.

Step 5: Type no after each setup question or press Ctrl-C to skip the initial setup procedure.

Step 6: Type enable at the Router> enable ...You'll be in enable mode and see the
Step 7: Router#copy startup-config running-config
Step 8: Router#configure terminal --> hostname(config)#.
Step 9: hostname(config)#enable secret cisco
Step 10: enter interface, type "no shutdown"..then view result using "show ip int br"
Step 11: Type config-register 0x2102
Step 12: Press Ctrl-z or end to leave the configuration mode.The prompt is now hostname#.
Step 13: Router#copy startup-config running-config

switch password recovery digunakan bila kite dapat 1 switch yg kite xtau password yg da di set pada switch 2.. tp pada masa sama kite xnak buang configuration2 lain yg jugak d set dlm config.text pada switch.. so password recovery akan wat kite by pass the password supaya kite boleh wat backup config.text ke config.old (actually boleh rename jd name ape2 pon) sebelum kite boot switch (akan delete file config.text) then reload balik file config.old ke config.text supaya kite boleh tulis ape2 configuration (ubah password)..


step 1. off switch
step 2. on switch but at the same time, push MODE button for a while

* note: output just like below will be display when u done step 2 correctly
system software:
flash_init
load_helper
boot
switch:

step 3: switch: flash_init
step 4: switch: flash_helper (*so the switch will recognize the following command)
step 5: switch: flash: or dir flash: (*to view file stored in flash)

* note: generally u will find config.text (configuration file which also contain current password conf)

step 6: switch: rename flash: config.text flash: config.old (*create backup file)
step 7: switch: boot
step 8: Enter "n" at the prompt to start the Setup program
* note: switch will directly enter the switch configuration

step 9: Switch>enable (*to enter user mode)
step 10: Switch#rename flash:config.old flash:config.text
step 11: Switch#copy flash:config.text system:running-config
Destination filename [running-config]?
Switch#
step 12: Switch#enable secret class
step 13: Switch#enable password class
step 14: Switch#end
step 15: Switch#write memory
step 16: Switch#reload

*da boleh gune switch dgn password yg kite da set disamping configuration lain dlm switch still remain the same..try la

STEP 1

From terminal login as super user and do the following.(internet must also be connected in order to install the package dependencies.

yum install autoconf
yum install automake
yum install gcc-c++
yum install libX11-devel
yum install xorg-x11-proto-devel
yum install libXt-devel
And for nam installation (optional):
yum install libXmu-devel

STEP 2

From terminal go to the folder where the ns-allinone patch is placed and type the following to extract
$ tar -xzf ns-allinone-2.31.tar.gz
$ cd ns-allinone-2.29
$. /install

STEP 3

Now go to /etc folder and type

gedit ~/.bashrc

Add the following lines to the end of it. Remember replace "/your/path" by something like "/home/kazim". And accordingly also change the version numbers. This is for ns 2.31.

# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
OTCL_LIB=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/otcl-1.13
NS2_LIB=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/lib
X11_LIB=/usr/X11R6/lib
USR_LOCAL_LIB=/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$OTCL_LIB:$NS2_LIB:$X11_LIB:$USR_LOCAL_LIB

# TCL_LIBRARY
TCL_LIB=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/tcl8.4.14/library
USR_LIB=/usr/lib
export TCL_LIBRARY=$TCL_LIB:$USR_LIB

# PATH
XGRAPH=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/bin:/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/tcl8.4.14/unix:/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/tk8.4.14/unix
NS=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/ns-2.31/
NAM=/your/path/ns-allinone-2.31/nam-1.13/
PATH=$PATH:$XGRAPH:$NS:$NAM

Let it take effect immediately

source ~/.bashrc

Lecture 9: Intrusion Detection System


Intruders
- Significant issue hostile/unwanted trespass - from benign to serious
- User trespass - unauthorized logon, privilege abuse
- Software trespass - virus, worm, or trojan horse
- Classes of intruders: - masquerader, misfeasor, clandestine user

-Security Intrusion & Detection

Security Intrusion - a security event, or combination of multiple security events, that constitutes a security incident in which an intruder gains, or attempts to gain, access to a system (or system resource) without having authorization to do so.

Intrusion Detection - a security service that monitors and analyzes system events for the purpose of finding, and providing real-time or near real-time warning of attempts to access system resources in an unauthorized manner.


Hackers
1. motivated by thrill of access and status
2. benign intruders might be tolerable
3. IDS / IPS / VPNs can help counter

Intrusion Detection Systems
- Classify intrusion detection systems (IDSs) as:
1. Host-based IDS: monitor single host activity
2. Network-based IDS: monitor network traffic

- Logical components:
1. sensors - collect data
2. analyzers - determine if intrusion has
3. occurred
4. user interface - manage / direct / view IDS

IDS Principles
- assume intruder behavior differs from
- legitimate users
- from past history

IDS Requirements
- run continually
- be fault tolerant
- resist subversion
- impose a minimal overhead on system
- configured according to system security policies
- adapt to changes in systems and users
- scale to monitor large numbers of systems
- provide graceful degradation of service
- allow dynamic reconfiguration

Types of IDS
1. Host IDS
2. Network IDS
3. Distributed IDS

Intrusion Detection Techniques
- signature detection
- anomaly detection
- when potential violation detected sensor sends an alert and logs information

Anomaly Detection
- threshold detection
◦ checks excessive event occurrences over time
◦ alone a crude and ineffective intruder detector
◦ must determine both thresholds and time intervals

Signature Detection - observe events on system and applying a set of rules to decide if intruder

Honeypot
• are decoy systems
– filled with fabricated info
– instrumented with monitors / event loggers
– divert and hold attacker to collect activity info
– without exposing production systems
• initially were single systems
• more recently are/emulate entire networks



Lecture 10: Legal and Ethical Issues in Computer Security

Legal & Ethical
- Law
- a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority
- implies imposition by a sovereign authority and the obligation of obedience on the part of all subject to that authority
- Ethics
- a set of moral principles or values
- the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group
- an objectively defined standard of right and wrong

Categories of Law
- Civil law
- Criminal law
- Tort law

Categories of unethical and illegal behavior:
- Ignorance
- Accident
- Intent

Ethics Concept
- Ethical Differences Across Cultures
- Software License Infringement
- Illicit Use
- Misuse of Corporate Resources
- Ethics and Education
- Deterrence to Unethical and Illegal Behavior

Computer Crime
- A computer can be :
- attacked
- used to attack
- used as a means to commit crime

HACKING THE WIRELESS NETWORK


Tools: Backtrack 2 software
Victim: Wireless AP

Backtrack

BackTrack is a Linux distribution distributed as a Live CD which is used for penetration testing. It allows the user to include customizable scripts, additional tools and configurable kernels in personalized distributions.

Step 1: Download backtrack 2

Step 2: Installing Backtrack

Step 3: Starting backtrack

1. Start the virtual machine
2. Partition and mount the hard drive
The virtual SCSI hard drive in VMware is usually /dev/sda. We need to partition this drive and create a filesystem on which Backtrack 2 can be installed.
We will use fdisk to create 2 partitions - one for the filesystem and one for swap space.
fdisk /dev/sda
Enter each line below into fdisk’s prompt:

n
p
1

+7168M
n
p
2


W

* This will create a 7GB partition for the filesystem and a 1GB swap space. If you want more space on the filesystem (or if you made your virtual disk larger than 8GB), you can change +7168M to another number (in megabytes).

3. Create an ext3 filesystem on the first partition:
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1
4. Create swap space on the other:
mkswap /dev/sda2
5. Mount the drive:
mkdir /mnt/backtrack
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/backtrack

6. Run startx to boot up KDE

7. Use the Backtrack installer
Start > System > Backtrack Installer
Leave the source blank
Install backtrack to: /mnt/backtrack
Write MBR to: /dev/sda
Select Real (2700 MB required) for the installation method
Click install. It could take awhile or hang at certain parts (seems to hang for awhile at 81% on my machine).